What was the big question of Westward Expansion that drove the United States toward Civil War?, Should the new states allow slavery?, Should the new states allow Indigenous people to continue to live in their ancestral lands?, Is it okay to kill wolves and buffalo if ranchers determine they are in the way?, Did God promise this land to the United States?, How were the states divided by the tension of whether or not the new states should allow slavery?, North and South, East and West, Center and Coast, English speakers and Spanish speakers, What was transforming the economy in the North?, Industrialization, Agriculture, Education, Mining, What did the South rely on in its agriculture and cotton-based economy?, Slavery - forced labor, Educated, Skilled, and Well-Paid Labor, The King of England, What was the movement against slavery called?, Abolition, Abandonment, Adaptation, Antisemitism, Allocation, Aquaculture, What did the Missouri Compromise of 1820 - which admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state - try to do?, achieve a political balance between free states and slave states, end slavery in the United States, move slavery to the new territory so that none of the states in the east coast would be slave states, agree to make Missouri a state if Mexico would also become a state, What happened in the Dred Scott decision of 1857?, The United States Supreme Court decided 7–2 against Scott, finding that neither he nor any other person of African ancestry could claim citizenship in the United States, Scott's temporary residence in free territory outside Missouri did not bring about his emancipation, It aroused public outrage, deepened sectional tensions between the northern and southern states, and hastened the eventual explosion of their differences into the American Civil War., The court said that because slaves were private property, Congress did not have the power to regulate slavery in the territories and could not revoke a slave owner's rights based on where he lived., Some people argue that it was economic tension and not moral tension that led to the Civil War. However . . ., the economic tension was really because of slavery., there wasn't actually that much tension in the United States at that time., the real problem was no one liked wearing cotton clothing., What were Rabbi Raphall's 3 main arguments about slavery in his "The Bible View of Slavery" in 1861, slavery existed from the earliest human societies and therefore cannot inherently be immoral, neither the Hebrew Bible nor the New Testament condemns slaveholding, biblical law humanized slavery compared to other ancient systems, the Torah bans slavery, What were Rabbi Einhorn's main arguments against Rabbi Raphall in 1861?, He accused Rabbi Raphall of distorting Judaism to defend slavery., He says Rabbi Raphall's arguments are flawed and morally dangerous., Judaism has a repeated command to remember slavery in Egypt and to stand against oppression in all forms., The Jewish God is ultimately always a defender of justice., Which statement is TRUE?, Judaism began in a world where slavery already existed., Jews invented slavery., Slavery exists in the Torah AND Jews have always thought slavery is a great idea., The Torah bans slavery., Which statement is FALSE?, Slavery is widely accepted in Jewish communities as a necessary way to grow food., In ancient times, slavery existed in many societies., The Torah did not invent slavery, it added rules about it., The Torah did not ban slavery., Over time, Jewish teachings emphasized freedom, dignity, and justice., Today, freedom is one of the most important Jewish values., Genesis 1:27, “And God created the human being _______.", b'tzelem Elohim - in God's image., with the intention that some people would be free and some enslaved., to be obedient to God and to human masters., so we should never ask questions about what is right and wrong., Why does the Torah have this rule? “When you buy a Hebrew slave, he shall serve six years; and in the seventh he shall go free.” Exodus 21:2, Even though there was slavery in ancient times, the Torah has rules to limit slavery., People must have sometimes enslaved people for a really long time, so leaders made rules to limit how long someone could be enslaved., This rule is modeled after the work week and Shabbat., Because the Torah is saying slavery is a totally okay thing. Some people should be enslaved and some people should enslave other people., What does Exodus (Shemot) 21:16, "“Whoever kidnaps a person and sells them… shall be put to death" have to do with slavery in the United States?, For hundreds of years Europeans kidnapped people from the continent of Africa and sold them into slavery., Many people in the North American colonies, including some rabbis, quoted the Torah or the Bible to justify slavery., Even though the Torah doesn't ban slavery, this verse limits slavery., Nothing. The Exodus is ancient history., In the North American colonies no one ever kidnapped and enslaved anyone., In the early United States in the 1800s anyone who enslaved someone else was severely punnished., Why do we retell the Exodus story every year at Passover?, Retelling the Exodus story every year helps us remember how important it is to work toward justice and freedom for everyone., We retell the story every year to help us have more empathy for people who are not free., We retell the story so we have opportunities every year to learn something new from it., We retell the story because even though the Torah doesn't ban slavery, in our tradition we focus on working toward freedom for everyone., We retell the story because we need an excuse to sing Dayeinu., We retell the story so we can remember that we've always had it worse than everyone else., In the 1800s, Americans argued about slavery and so did Jewish Americans. Jewish leaders had different opinions. Some said:, The Bible allows slavery., Abolition - ending slavery - is very important., Slavery goes against Jewish values., Only Jews should be allowed to enslave others., Only Jews should be enslaved., All people deserve freedom and dignity., What do almost all Jewish groups teach today?, Slavery is morally wrong., Every person deserves dignity and freedom., We must fight modern slavery and human trafficking., Tzelem Elohim – Every person is made in God’s image, The Torah didn't ban slavery, but it limited slavery so that over time slavery would end and everyone would be free., The Torah says slavery is fine, so slavery is fine., Who is this person?, Dred Scott, President James Buchanan, Frederick Douglass, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Who is this person?, Harriet Scott, Sojourner Truth, Harriet Tubman, Abigail Adams, Who are these men?, The justices of the Supreme Court in 1857., The cast of the Adam's family., The advisors to President James Buchanan in 1857., President James Buchanan's cabinet in 1860.

Jewish United States History 1840-1860 and the Lead Up to the Civil War

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